Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C conventional; about 170°C fan-assisted). Lightly grease a 9-inch (23 cm) square baking dish with the softened butter. Set the dish on a rimmed baking sheet to catch any bubbling juices.
Peel, core, and cut the apples into evenly sized slices about 1/4 inch (6 mm) thick. In a large bowl, stir together the granulated sugar, cornstarch, cinnamon, and salt. Add the apples and lemon juice; toss until evenly coated.
In a separate bowl, stir together the oats, flour, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt. Add the cold butter. Use your fingertips, a fork, or a pastry cutter to work it in until the mixture forms coarse crumbs with some larger clumps.
Spread the apples evenly in the prepared dish. Scatter the topping over them in a loose, even layer; do not press it down.
Bake for 45–55 minutes. The topping should be golden, the apples tender when pierced with a small knife, and the filling bubbling around the edges. If the topping browns before the apples are tender, cover it loosely with foil and continue baking. Check the center too; if the filling there is not bubbling, bake a few minutes longer.
Set the dish on a rack and let the crumble rest for 15 minutes before serving.